Essay on Corporate Social Responsibility Globalization

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND GLOBALISATION INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be defined as the opportunities that the public has of organizations at a specified point (Carroll and Buchholtz 2003, p. 36). The view of corporate social responsibility says that organizations have principled and generous responsibilities in order to earn good return for investors by obeying the law appropriately. Corporate social responsibility produces an organized context how to improve and maintain the relationship between the two dynamic individuals such as â€Å"business and community†. However proprietors and managers of organizations have involved in various activities that we currently consider CSR as practical creation to†¦show more content†¦But ‘polyani’(1994) says that mutual influence has been existing between globalization and CSR. So Polanyi (1944) said that the contemporary state can established in combination through mobilizing the marketplace. Actually the various changes have been empowered according to the government policies. In order to safeguard the frugality of the market against the negative aspect in public a process called â€Å"double movement† was raised. However, based on the new ideology we can also apply this concept to create a new competitive environment based on different strategical approaches. Although, subsequently Ruggie (2003), says nowadays part of the community is analyzed by various system of government like IMF and various other (MNCs). In one context globalization provides companies the part of the standard, where it is linked to business social responsibility from one point; this says that the corporate social behavior is responsible to overcome the various hurdles in reaction to the new role. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practice has been improved in significant manner from the past traditions. Though, as an alternative of representing a fundamental shift from destructive practices, the various MNCs has been restricting the exposure towards only short term gains regarding their profits only (Harvey, 2009). When it comes toShow MoreRelatedGlobalization and Corporate Social Responsibility780 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization and Corporate Social Responsibility Events in resent history have made a clear statement to the executives of the world that Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are tightly linked in projecting a positive brand image. Most of the negative publicity surrounding the globalization debate is directed at one key area, the perceived lack of corporate social responsibility in the business culture of the developed world. The European Commission defines Corporate SocialRead MoreApple Inc. : Ethics, Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility And Triple Bottom Line Reporting And Globalization1261 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Apple Inc., and their success with Sustainability, Ethics, Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility and Triple Bottom Line reporting and Globalization. I. Addressing the needs of its employees. Meeting the needs of the employees and maintaining a profit margin. APPLE priorities health to assure a presentable employee who will create a relationship with the customers assuring them a comfortable work environment and addressing their needs. For example, they are offered with health insurancesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1549 Words   |  7 PagesAlong with the fruits of globalization also come the flies. 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They are globalization, global crisis, technology, social trends, workforce diversify, and social responsibility. FPT Software (Fsoft) was established in 1988 as a division of FPT Corporation and it quickly became a biggest Information Communications Technology Company in VietNam. Also, Fsoft has developed rapidlyRead MorePuma Corporation s Integrative Managerial Issues Regarding Social Responsibility Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesPuma Corporation’s Integrative Managerial Issues Regarding Social Responsibility During the 1960’s, the definition of corporate social responsibility expanded as social activists began to question the typical â€Å"economic obligations† mentality, which focused on the singular economic objective of business. Nowadays, society expects much more out of businesses and corporations. Business firms are expected to go beyond their legal and economic obligations and act in ways that are beneficial to societyRead MoreThe Representation Of The Corporate Social Decisions And Activities1504 Words   |  7 Pages4.2 Legitimacy Theory The corporates were suggested by Hogner (1982) to legitimize their corporate social decisions and activities. In 1983, Lindblom stated a framework about legitimacy theory to explain why companies should disclosure the social information and environment information. Many social studies relied on this framework to claim the theoretical structure. The legitimacy theory was born to strengthen objective of the corporate management to react to the expectations of the community membersRead MoreCase Study : Managing Ethical Organization1377 Words   |  6 Pagesto Leadership in Employment Practices †¢ Why did Nike fail to address corporate social responsibility early on? 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Image Of Man Essay Example For Students

Image Of Man Essay The Image of Man EssayThroughout the past few centuries, man has been notorious for his masculinity. However, masculinity was labeled by the changing societies and ideals, creating different aspects of manliness. By objectifying human nature, people began to stereotype. By stereotyping, it mad it easier for people to understand by perceiving and to a great extent passing judgment on another human being. The stereotype of masculinity seemed to arise somewhere in between the second half of the eighteenth century and the nineteenth century. With the beginning of the modern age, Europe started to enter a more visually oriented age, therefore making the formation of the male body become key. Europeans began to homogenize, or look at man as a type, rather than an individual. They believed that there was no reason for individual change and wanted the men to accept measure up to the ideal of masculinity. Masculinity was strengthened due to the positive stereotyping, however for those that di d not conform to this label or fit in with the ideal, were negatively stereotyped. Nationalism and masculinity went hand in hand. As masculinity became adopted as part of the national stereotype, they initiated their growth together. Mass stereotyping was bourgeois orientated. At first, mass stereotyping was for intended purposes of being and open ended process, yet it eventually turned into a distinct ambition. Women, during this period, projected chastity and innocence. While men and women were thought of as not equal, they were thought as to compliment each other. Racism, especially towards the Jewish and Africans, became clear and developed from the judgment of masculinity. Because the ideal had already been set and put into play, the counter parts, Jewish, Africans, or others, had no room to advance. The ideal of masculinity started to sway as the Enlightenment approached and came. The model was of humanistic spirit, rather than the anatomy and returned to the ideas of socialis t men such as Max Alder. However, this shot at changing the normative male stereotype failed. The bourgeois was the main component in shaping the ?modern man?. But, there were previous contributing factors to the molding of this masculine stereotype. Medieval ideals lasted well into modern times. Chivalry was a main factor and to be called a coward was a great insult. The duel had been a ritual since the sixteenth century and was fought for male honor. Aristocratic ideals consisted of the linkage of blood, or lineage and descent. Theses ideals were primarily based on warrior caste. The ingredients in forming this modern masculinity, was through the combination and adjustment of both aristocratic and bourgeois classes. This merging of classes started to reflect in the way society saw man. By the end of the eighteenth century the standard of masculinity was measured by looks, appearance, and behavior. In Germany, the bourgeois male code of honor was used as a status symbol. Jewish people were gradually excluded. And the elite fraternities would have male dueling. In France, the duel was not to kill, but to display manly qualities. By the end of the nineteenth century, the emphasis was basically pointed at justice and equality. ?If a man defends his honor for sole purpose of appearing honorable, the honor code ceases to fulfill its original function and becomes a travesty. (20, endnote #21) This justice and equality began when the duelers would handshake at the end of a match. Duels went on and became a form of exercise and meant not only moral toughness, but physical as well. The duels along with other undertakings started to set a standard, which becomes known as the new masculine modern stereotype. The masculine ideal valued the physical, moral, and visual perceptions, and became a symbol of society and nation. The Enlightenment focused on the joining of the body and spirit. Johann Kaspar Lavaters theory comprised of seeing people through their physical, such as their color, nose, eyes, and bodily structure. He stated that the Greeks were more beautiful than the people of today and if a man could base his beauty on the Greeks then they would attain moral posture. This general principle was derived from actual concrete evidence such as engravings and statues. With the turn of the nineteenth century, came the gymnastics ideal, which was the beginning of the sculpted body. Sports and gymnastics ranged from swimming, dancing, fencing, skating, riding, and marathons. Guts Muth, who had later followers in France and Italy, pronounced, ?A fit beautiful body indicates a noble soul.? Unlike other countries, such as England believed in team sports to portray manliness. These organized sports gave the impression of a ?truly chivalrous football player?, and regarded sports as a manly virtue. Men also could not be seen without a women, or be in isolation. There was a definite sex division, and women were perceived to be a step below a man. A woman was considered an object of male power. The outsiders, or the countertype to the modern man was d ue to ones origin, religion, or language. People that were not considered in the social norm were the Jewish, gypsies, vagrants, criminals, insane, and sexual deviants. The Jewish were the main target in German novels in the nineteenth century, since they were looked at as being without roots, unsettled, and a menacing presence. Gustav Dore, the creator of ?The Wandering Jew?, a woodcut, was used in anti-Semitic propaganda. Anthropologists during the eighteenth century denoted the difference between whites and non-whites, by pointing out the diversity of the facial measurements to those of the superior European species. .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .postImageUrl , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:hover , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:visited , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:active { border:0!important; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:active , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Space Exploration (900 words) EssayThe Great War gave way to many changing ideas. The old masculine stereotype and counterpart were being challenged and revised by the new society that was forming. Two new ideals were also being formed; the warrior and the socialist. The warrior seemed to add new features to the already existing manly ideal of the First World War, while the socialist seemed to created a whole new stereotype and rejecting the already in play normative stereotype. The warrior ideals were courage, sacrifice, and camaraderie. The warriors considered the war a test of their manhood. To serve a higher force above the individual was considered the paradigm of war riors, which is then self-explanatory as to why nationalism and masculinity are so closely intertwined. The Great War had added new qualities to the ideal of manliness such as will power, hardness, and perseverance. The qualities that the men used to fight in the war were then taken home with them and used on an everyday basis. War and the qualities it generated, did not redefine masculinity. It simply strengthened old ideas. While the war went on, another ideal opposite to the warrior ideal started to grow. The socialists rejected the war. This ?new man? model consisted of a masculinity based on solidarity, renunciation of all force, and rejection of nationalism. Marx Adler, an Austrian socialist wrote a book called Neue Menschen, Gedanken uber Sozialistische Erziehung (A New Humanity: Thoughts About Socialists Education, 1923). In his book he writes about a ?new man? by belief in humanity. French Communists and German Communists, a second ?new man?, possess and produce an image of aggressive virility. The socialists and communists ideals, although attempted repeatedly, never become firmly rooted. Both warrior and socialist ideals failed due to the fact that they were too extreme and too opposed to the already disposition of men and women. The traditional ideal of masculinity is still here today. After the First World War, the ideal of manliness seemed to get tougher as the war ended. Violence was prone to be seen in various places such as movies, television, and comic books. Women receiving abuse from men was found quite frequently after the war, but mainly in the United States rather than Europe. The ?Beat Generation? during the 1950s in the United States, which also destined the youth of Europe, seemed to have a high experimentation rate. Men were experimenting with men as well as women, and both sexes with drugs. The music of the time, encouraged dancing, which in turn encouraged the re-evaluation of the body. Women started to not follow the fashion rules and would not adorn themselves, while men grew their hair long. This ?Third Gender? as they called it, soon became a widely known mania. Today, the image of man is based on respectability. The stereotype of man has been around and through every aspect of society. The question should not be about the stereotype disappearing, but it eroding. Throughout the years the male stereotype reflected the public image of manliness. The stereotype signifies one of the most long lasting and essential conventions of yesterdays and today. I believe that the world can be a more peaceful place when humans start to realize that life is too short to be fighting with one another. Respectability rules here too. In order for anyone to listen and understand each other, we need to respect each others opinions. I think that stereotyping is an unhealthy idea. When we stereotype we automatically segregate people for the sheer fact that there is an unspoken rule about that typical stereotype. If everyone could get past trying to put people in a place and work on recognizing who they are, I believe we would have a much more peaceful world. .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .postImageUrl , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:hover , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:visited , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:active { border:0!important; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:active , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enuresis EssayBibliographyImage of Man: The Creation of Modern MasculinityGeorge L. MosseOxford University Press, IncNew York, New YorkCopyright 1996

The Electric Ant By Philip K Dick Essays - The Electric Ant, Garson

The Electric Ant by Philip K Dick In the short story The Electric Ant, Philip. K. Dick is expressing his sarcastical opinion of man in society and man's inability to distinguish between the truth and fantasy. Using his main character's life, Garson Poole, the author illustrates teh delusion of mankind's freedom. This delusion is demonstrated by three components of Garson's life: his automated reality chip, and his emotional and physical makeup as an oranic robot. Garson Poole who, prior to his detection of the reality chip was under the impression that he was exempted from all the world's restraints, finds himself in a bliss of confusion when he realizes that his life is being dictated by an automated reality tape. The presents of this mechanical apparatus symbolizes the conditioning man inherits from parents and others to conform and be accepted by society. This reality gadget restricts Garson from certain thoughts and certain actions and forces him into others. Unaware of his programming, Garson represents man's naive attitudes towards the forces of the mass. With the discovery of the reality tape, Garson than understands that his life is inflexible and determined by a tape, and accepts his circumstance. This awakening dissloves the mirage of his freedom, an awareness that so many of mankind lack. The facade of Garson's freedom, was disguised by his physical apperance as a human. However we soon discover that beneath that skin and flesh hides a mass of mechanical gadgets that control and restrict his every thought or move. His physical structure, so brillanty cerated granted Garson with human feelings and the mirage that he was in control of his life. Eventhough Garson is an Electric Ant, he is an excellent representation of mankind's delusions and their mechanically lead lives. So repitious and monotonous are our lives that we operate like machines not realizing that we are trapped in a vicious cycle.We isolate and remove ourselves from society, hopping that we can rebel and regain control. However our inability to cope in a complex world, once againg signifies that society is in control of us. Our reluctance to conform, leads to the loss of our individuality and eventually and eventually to our extinction. Using the development of garson Poole's life to illustrate the delusion of mankind;s freedom, we notice that eventough Garson appears to be human and alive, in actuality he is a machine and his life is determined by a reality chip. The underlying message in Garson's realization tha the is trapped in this circle, is that all mankind has the power and desire to understand that he can discared of this fantasy and establish a true freedom.

Stanford White Essays - William Rutherford Mead, Stanford White

Stanford White Essays - William Rutherford Mead, Stanford White Stanford White Stanford White, the son of Richard Grant White a noted writer, editor, music critic, and Shakespearean scholar, was born in New York City on November 9, 1853. As a boy, he showed a talent and interest in drawing and the arts, which was greatly encouraged by his family. Although he had no formal training in art, he attended private schools and studied under tutors, Stanford White demonstrated a remarkable artistic gift; he was able to convey an outdoor atmosphere or a particular mood on paper. He wanted to follow a career as a painter, but did not know how to prepare himself. Most American painters were self taught, and art instruction was scarce at the time, so White went to painter John La Farge, a friend of his father, for advice. La Farge bluntly told young White to abandon his thoughts of a career as a painter. He suggested that White should try a career in architecture instead. At the age of sixteen, White was introduced to Henry Hobson Richardson, one of the first Americans to study at the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris. The Ecole de Beaux Arts served as the first source for formal American architecture. When Richardson met the tall, thin freckle faced child, he was impressed with White?s enthusiasm, an enthusiasm that later characterized him as a mature man. At the age of nineteen, after studying for a while in New York, White went to work for Richardson in New York as a student draftsman. White quickly developed skill in design. He worked with as one of Richarson?s chief assistants on many important works. While working, White met his future partner Charles McKim, who also attended the Ecole de Beaux Arts, and worked for Richardson the same time White did. In 1872, McKim left his job to start his own architectural firm with William Rutherford Mead and William Bigelow as partners. White left Richarson?s office on an extended visit to Europe ! in 1878. When he was in France, he met up with McKim again, and the two traveled together through southern France and Spain. In 1880, as a result of the trip, White was asked to join McKim and Mead as partnership; Bigelow had retired.McKim, Mead, and White had a very successful partnership, which can be seen in all the buildings they designed. In 1884, White married Bessie Springs of Smithtown. Three years later, they had a son, Lawrence Grant White, who later went on to become an architect, join with his father?s firm in 1914, and in 1920 become a partner. White was a connoisseur of beautiful things in architecture, other arts, antiques, decoration, and in women. One woman White found to be attractive was a sixteen year old artist model and chorus girl, Evelyn Nesbit, with whom he became romantically involved. White at the time was living apart from his wife. He was living in New York city, and she was living in their house in St. James. A few years later, Evelyn Nesbit married Harry K Thaw, the son of a rich railroad tycoon. Thaw lived a wild life, and was said to be a drug addict. He was madly jealous over the affair his wife had, before they were married, with White. Stanford White died, at the age of fifty-three, at the height of his fame and popularity. On the evening of June 5, 1906, while attending the summer opening of the Garden?s Roof Show, White was killed by Harry Thaw, who had approached and shot him from the rear. Stanford White was a man of his times; he was definitely a colorful person who believed in living well. For two decades, he was a commanding force in New York life. As well, he was a leading man in turn of the century, upper class New York social life. Which would have been different had it not been for White?s strong personality and influence at the center of so many events. As an architect, he maintained high standards for comfort and design, with some of his buildings being the most notable of the time. With his partners, White dominated his profession in the United States for some time. The firm of McKim, Mead, & White was

Limitations on Freedom during the Cold War Essay

Limitations on Freedom during the Cold War - Essay Example It also explores the reactions of Americans in each era. The main similarities between the Cold War and the Red Scare are that they were both based on â€Å"fears† against the â€Å"leftist† other and they also led to reckless accusations and curtailment of freedoms of association and speech. The fear of communism both stimulated the Cold War and the Red Scare. It was during the Red Scare that the federal government exercised its full power against the labor and political left-wing parties. During the Red Scare, a national anti-radical hysteria ensued, because there were fears for a Bolshevik revolution in America. This Bolshevik revolution threatened to reshape the American way of life and basic social institutions, such as home and family. From 1916 to 917, the Industrial Workers conducted several strikes, which the media portrayed as leftist and anti-democratic. The government systematically arrested and detained people who were suspected as spies and among those aff ected were labor organizations, anti-war activists, members of different communist organizations, journalists and writers, African American activists, and other groups that fought for just wages, better benefits, and child labor laws. On January 2, 1920 alone, 10,000 people were arrested without warrants. The Congress, however, could not tolerate such wide-scale abuses of constitutional rights and by 1922, the Red Scare ended.

Interest groups Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Interest groups - Dissertation Example This paper studies how the roles of the interest groups within the modern day American politics has shaped up, and how these roles are translated to bring out a true message for the Americans. What is even more significant here is the fact that this study aims to find which strategies are made use of by these interest groups to achieve their respective goals as far as the lengths and breadths of United States are concerned. Also the due role of the National Rifle Association as an interest group has been detailed within this discussion which only adds meat to it in the long run. ... inquire about the areas where interest groups have been able to provide their services and to see if these areas have any political perspectives present as well To explore the due role of the National Rifle Association as an interest group that has done much for the United States over a passage of time Methodology The methodology used within this paper is entirely dependent on the usage of secondary research which is the research that has been gained through evidence and available resources. The secondary research always comes ahead with the passage of time and is manifested through books, journals, newspapers, magazines, periodicals, TV interviews and reports, etc. The methodology lists down the areas from which information has been extracted for the completion of this study and the manner in which it has been done suggests the authenticity that is much required for this paper. The Role Played by the Interest Groups in American Politics Interest groups within the United States are b uilt up in such a way that they have their respective aims and objectives. The reasons why they exist are difficult to ascertain because they are serving the interests of varied stakeholders. The manner in which they operate is visible to everyone yet they exist to make sure that their interests are met in a priority basis. These interest groups have their own vested interests and they can go to any limit to make sure that they are recognized, their work done in a proper way and the results are such that nearly everyone can see and decipher easily. Now how these interest groups bring success is dependent on how well they have been devised in the first place. If these interest groups are working to satisfy a general audience, then the interests will remain broad but if these interest groups

Special Education Research Critique Essay Example for Free

Special Education Research Critique Essay REFERENCE Rickson, D. J., Watkins, W. G. (2003). Music therapy to promote prosocial behaviors in aggressive adolescent boys A pilot study. _Journal of Music Therapy, 40_(4), 283-301. PURPOSE The hypothesis of this research study was to determine if music therapy would help promote prosocial behaviors in aggressive boys. These subjects have different social, emotional, and learning disorders. METHOD The subjects were selected from a group of 88 young boys who have intellectual, social, and emotional deficits. These boys were enrolled in a special education facility in New Zealand. The students who started before May 2000 and after March 2001, which was 49 students, were not included because of the likelihood of them leaving before the study was completed. This left a remaining 39 students. These students were given the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) test. A total of 21 students were excluded due to lack of aggressiveness and already gone through musical therapy. Researchers were left with 18 boys whose ages ranged from about 11 years and six months to 15 years and three months. These subjects had an extreme measure on the CBCL test. 12 of the boys were already diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Of the 12, five had a dual diagnosis which included Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct Disorder (CD). Four had a general developmental delay and two had a head injury along with depression. About half of the boys were taking psychotropic medication. They were randomly assigned into two music groups of six and one control group of six. One subject was suspended right after the therapy began. Another quit after a few minutes into a session. Also, one more was suspended from school after one session due to extreme  disruptive and aggressive behavior. A total 15 students completed the treatment. The treatment was the participants were placed into different music groups. In the music groups, the students would do different musical activities and express themselves through music. RESULTS There was an increase in disruptive and aggressive behavior in Group 1. This is a negative result due to the treatment. Group 2 had no changes in behavior. Group 3 also had little to no change in their behavior at school. AUTHORS CONCLUSION No significant statistical differences were found after the treatment was completed. Because there was no difference, there can be no definitive conclusion to be made by the author. Some social workers did record small improvements that were interesting and could lead to further study. They noted that the subjects were not as aggressive as they were before the research study. The author would also like to try to do another study but have it be based on a specific diagnosis of the subject. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The usefulness of this treatment is very minimal. The results after the treatment was conducted were negative or neutral overall. If I were to try and implement it into a classroom environment, I am not sure if it will be helpful in any way. CRITIQUE I feel like this study not fully prepared or researched. The researchers did states their hypothesis, addressed the results, and the sample size. But the treatment itself was not successful. The sample size for this kind of treatment should have been bigger than just 15 students. The researchers could have gone and tested other schools or even elementary and high school.  A sample size of 15 subjects cannot represent 100 subjects. In conclusion, this musical treatment study was not well planned out.