Body Image in the Media Essay - 1975 Words

Body image today is so drastically exaggerated in importance that people, often adolescents, go to the extremes of trying to be perfect. The media is what I believe makes body image such an important issue these days. It makes people want to change everything about themselves, their look, their choices, and their personality. The media are the ones also bringing this on to adolescents because of all the places they advertise. The adults are also people that I would blame for the cases of young children causing themselves to hurt for things they shouldnt be caring about. The indicative that shows that my findings are correct are all the cases that are reported about adolescents and their body image problems. Places that the media stress†¦show more content†¦The internet is also making people believe differently about their bodies. It has things posted all the time describing how a body should be, and with the millions of people who get on the internet everyday seeing this cau ses them to believe think differently about their bodies. One thing that these people who post blogs up dont tell you is that, the adolescents trying to act like these stars end up getting pregnant or many other things. For instance, teenage girls these days try to be like other girls on TV and this causes them to be sexually active, and with this occurring nearly 1 in 4 girls ages 14 to 19 acquire a sexually transmitted disease, as Time Magazine describes it. It also says that in African American girls its even more likely, 1 in 2 girls obtain a sexually transmitted disease. Sexually transmitted diseases are also not the only thing that adolescents obtain. The other phenomenon that occurs because of the media is that teenagers these days try to make their bodies perfect, just like the bodies of the stars on TV. There are many different ways how they can try to make their bodies perfect. As the website, MEDIA AWARENESS NETWORKS mentions it, fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercis e, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomiting are all considered as unhealthy methods of maintaining weight. Some of these methods are also under the name of Anorexia. Girls are mainly the ones who turnShow MoreRelatedThe Media And Body Image1453 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the media and body image are closely related. Particularly, how the body image advertising portrays affects our own body image. Research documented adolescents as they are more at risk for developing unhealthy attitudes toward their bodies. They are at a time where they re focused on developing their individual identities, making them susceptible to social pressure and media images. A major reason many people have a negative body image is because of the impact that the media has had on ourRead MoreMedia and Body Image1118 Words   |  4 PagesThe media has become a powerful source for changes in our society. There are so many factors and reasons for our society changing. Today I find most people obsessively worried about their body image. We all have a body and at one time or another, we worry about it. Women and men are both being affected by media sources such as television, advertising, magazines, music, and video games; not to mention the photo manipulation that goes along with it all. Questions can be asked; such as, â€Å"Is this theRead MoreMedia and Body Image729 Words   |  3 PagesEver wonder why more and more teenagers are having issues with their body image? As society grows, more and more young adults are becoming self-conscious about their bodies and how they look. Girls and boys alike are taught, though not verbally how they should look, from celebrities they see on TV to toys they used to play with and magazines they read on a daily basis. Media make being satisfied with how your body looks extremely difficult and it is getting out of hand. More and more young adultsRead MoreThe Media Of Body Image2000 Words   |  8 PagesOnce upon a time, you probably liked your body and appreciated the many things it could do, but the route to adulthood, doubts and insecurities may have crept in. The images the media exposures the society to are of thin and beautiful women and extremely muscular men. There are negative affects to what the media is showing the body image and mood states of young women and men. The mass media is designed to reach large audiences through the use of technology. From the moment nations wakes up untilRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Body Image1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe concept of body image is influenced by external factors as culture, society norms, especially with the development of modern social media, it has grown up to be an important element in affecting the perception of body image to shape the body image. The influence of mass media may be related to the social comparison process of appearance in female and male. The ideal media body image, it is easy to compare in everyday life, and that will result to dissatisfacti on with people s body size. On theRead MoreMedia Vs. Body Image1374 Words   |  6 Pages029 October 17, 2015 Media vs. the body Image Body image remains to be a very controversial topic in today’s society, because of how easy it is to become a hate crime over a small comment on how small or big someone’s body is. Today, it is unavoidable to see the look that it seems society wants us to look. Professor Susan Bordo writes the article, â€Å"Never Just Pictures†, describing her investigation between the media and its effects on how people view their bodies. She uses ethos, logos, andRead MoreMedia Impact On Body Image1254 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact of media models on children’s and adolescents’ body image? Over recent times, the media has become a prominent part in the upbringing of young people. In particular the manner by which the media portrays body image has changed in numerous ways. Body image is defined as â€Å"a person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body† by Grogan (as cited in Zaccagni, Masotti, Donati Gualdi-Russo, 2014). There is a stronger focus of what is considered to be the perfect body type andRead MoreThe Media and Body Image Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesMass media is designed to reach large audiences with technology. Its purpose is meant to give us entertainment and information we need to act as a society. Media is everywhere; there is no escaping from it. Almost every home in America has at least one TV, the internet, and a cell phone. You cannot drive down the street without seeing billboard signs. Checking out at the grocery store can be tricky if trying to avoid magazines. There are more forms of media available today the n ever before; consequentlyRead MoreMedia Effects On Body Image Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesSpecific age groups and mostly women have been studied regarding media effects on body image. These studies did not test the external stimuli created by peer groups that have an impact on a person’s self-idealization. This study addressed individual age groups divided by gender in order to determine how much media effects body idealization and if gender peer group opinions impact self-idealization when viewing media models. Methods The methods used in this study incorporated individuals into groupsRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Body Image1484 Words   |  6 Pages Media has developed to become omnipresent in the day to day lives of the westernized societies. The media is considered a gigantic umbrella that houses a plethora of different outlets underneath it such as television, music videos, magazines, commercials, video games and social media. In this paper, the effects of media and various media types are examined to understand their potential outcomes. Focusing on how and if media affects body image in girls and women, the themes of dieting awareness

Essay on Corporate Social Responsibility Globalization

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND GLOBALISATION INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be defined as the opportunities that the public has of organizations at a specified point (Carroll and Buchholtz 2003, p. 36). The view of corporate social responsibility says that organizations have principled and generous responsibilities in order to earn good return for investors by obeying the law appropriately. Corporate social responsibility produces an organized context how to improve and maintain the relationship between the two dynamic individuals such as â€Å"business and community†. However proprietors and managers of organizations have involved in various activities that we currently consider CSR as practical creation to†¦show more content†¦But ‘polyani’(1994) says that mutual influence has been existing between globalization and CSR. So Polanyi (1944) said that the contemporary state can established in combination through mobilizing the marketplace. Actually the various changes have been empowered according to the government policies. In order to safeguard the frugality of the market against the negative aspect in public a process called â€Å"double movement† was raised. However, based on the new ideology we can also apply this concept to create a new competitive environment based on different strategical approaches. Although, subsequently Ruggie (2003), says nowadays part of the community is analyzed by various system of government like IMF and various other (MNCs). In one context globalization provides companies the part of the standard, where it is linked to business social responsibility from one point; this says that the corporate social behavior is responsible to overcome the various hurdles in reaction to the new role. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practice has been improved in significant manner from the past traditions. Though, as an alternative of representing a fundamental shift from destructive practices, the various MNCs has been restricting the exposure towards only short term gains regarding their profits only (Harvey, 2009). When it comes toShow MoreRelatedGlobalization and Corporate Social Responsibility780 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization and Corporate Social Responsibility Events in resent history have made a clear statement to the executives of the world that Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are tightly linked in projecting a positive brand image. Most of the negative publicity surrounding the globalization debate is directed at one key area, the perceived lack of corporate social responsibility in the business culture of the developed world. The European Commission defines Corporate SocialRead MoreApple Inc. : Ethics, Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility And Triple Bottom Line Reporting And Globalization1261 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Apple Inc., and their success with Sustainability, Ethics, Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility and Triple Bottom Line reporting and Globalization. I. Addressing the needs of its employees. Meeting the needs of the employees and maintaining a profit margin. APPLE priorities health to assure a presentable employee who will create a relationship with the customers assuring them a comfortable work environment and addressing their needs. For example, they are offered with health insurancesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1549 Words   |  7 PagesAlong with the fruits of globalization also come the flies. The flow of money, products, and people have increased immensely across the globe in the last century, but as economic crises hit central areas of the globe, the flows also carry that along to other parts of the world. Through these continued global economic crises and recessions, a stronger demand for responsible capitalism has also emerged. Moreover, societies are urging not only governments to take responsibility for the problems but alsoRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Asia A Seven Country Study Of Csr Web Site Reporting1352 Words   |  6 PagesMoon, J Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Asia A Seven-Co untry Study of CSR Web Site Reporting This essay will discourse Chapple and Moons’ (2005) study of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Asia. The argument will be done through a critical review of Chapple and Moons’ (2005) paper by considering exploration methods, limitations, findings and theoretical bases. CSR has a long History and is traceable within literature but came in action in the 20th century. Corporate Social ResponsibilityRead MoreGlobalization And Competitiveness : The Impact On Future University Of Alberta Bcom Graduates Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization and Competitiveness: The Impact on Future University of Alberta Bcom Graduates Nickia Kwan 1468914 University of Alberta Globalization and Competitiveness: The Impact on Future University of Alberta Bcom Graduates Globalization continues to impact how countries connect with each other. This impact can clearly be seen in changing social, technological and economic spheres. As globalization continues to expand its influence, it results in greater international competitionRead MoreThe Impact Of Business On The Environment889 Words   |  4 PagesCSR and financial performance In the studies of Margolis and Walsh (2002), one hundred twenty-two published studied between 1971 and 2001 empirically examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance (Tsoutsoura M.,2004). The relationship between Corporate social responsibility and financial performance constitute two main parts. The first one being short-run financial impact (abnormal returns) when firms engage in either in either socially responsible orRead MoreExternal Factors Affect to Fpt Company836 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluences affecting to them to remain competitive and improve performance. This paper introduces a descriptive framework for understanding the factors that impact to FPT Software Company. They are globalization, global crisis, technology, social trends, workforce diversify, and social responsibility. FPT Software (Fsoft) was established in 1988 as a division of FPT Corporation and it quickly became a biggest Information Communications Technology Company in VietNam. Also, Fsoft has developed rapidlyRead MorePuma Corporation s Integrative Managerial Issues Regarding Social Responsibility Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesPuma Corporation’s Integrative Managerial Issues Regarding Social Responsibility During the 1960’s, the definition of corporate social responsibility expanded as social activists began to question the typical â€Å"economic obligations† mentality, which focused on the singular economic objective of business. Nowadays, society expects much more out of businesses and corporations. Business firms are expected to go beyond their legal and economic obligations and act in ways that are beneficial to societyRead MoreThe Representation Of The Corporate Social Decisions And Activities1504 Words   |  7 Pages4.2 Legitimacy Theory The corporates were suggested by Hogner (1982) to legitimize their corporate social decisions and activities. In 1983, Lindblom stated a framework about legitimacy theory to explain why companies should disclosure the social information and environment information. Many social studies relied on this framework to claim the theoretical structure. The legitimacy theory was born to strengthen objective of the corporate management to react to the expectations of the community membersRead MoreCase Study : Managing Ethical Organization1377 Words   |  6 Pagesto Leadership in Employment Practices †¢ Why did Nike fail to address corporate social responsibility early on? The Nike brand was created in 1972, and renamed to Nike in 1978, and has since grown to be the largest worldwide seller of athletic goods, with approximately 168 Nike stores in the United States and a presence in about 160 countries. (Ferrell, O.., 2003) During the time Nike brand was created corporate responsibility was not considered a major deal yet and there were several actions taken

Image Of Man Essay Example For Students

Image Of Man Essay The Image of Man EssayThroughout the past few centuries, man has been notorious for his masculinity. However, masculinity was labeled by the changing societies and ideals, creating different aspects of manliness. By objectifying human nature, people began to stereotype. By stereotyping, it mad it easier for people to understand by perceiving and to a great extent passing judgment on another human being. The stereotype of masculinity seemed to arise somewhere in between the second half of the eighteenth century and the nineteenth century. With the beginning of the modern age, Europe started to enter a more visually oriented age, therefore making the formation of the male body become key. Europeans began to homogenize, or look at man as a type, rather than an individual. They believed that there was no reason for individual change and wanted the men to accept measure up to the ideal of masculinity. Masculinity was strengthened due to the positive stereotyping, however for those that di d not conform to this label or fit in with the ideal, were negatively stereotyped. Nationalism and masculinity went hand in hand. As masculinity became adopted as part of the national stereotype, they initiated their growth together. Mass stereotyping was bourgeois orientated. At first, mass stereotyping was for intended purposes of being and open ended process, yet it eventually turned into a distinct ambition. Women, during this period, projected chastity and innocence. While men and women were thought of as not equal, they were thought as to compliment each other. Racism, especially towards the Jewish and Africans, became clear and developed from the judgment of masculinity. Because the ideal had already been set and put into play, the counter parts, Jewish, Africans, or others, had no room to advance. The ideal of masculinity started to sway as the Enlightenment approached and came. The model was of humanistic spirit, rather than the anatomy and returned to the ideas of socialis t men such as Max Alder. However, this shot at changing the normative male stereotype failed. The bourgeois was the main component in shaping the ?modern man?. But, there were previous contributing factors to the molding of this masculine stereotype. Medieval ideals lasted well into modern times. Chivalry was a main factor and to be called a coward was a great insult. The duel had been a ritual since the sixteenth century and was fought for male honor. Aristocratic ideals consisted of the linkage of blood, or lineage and descent. Theses ideals were primarily based on warrior caste. The ingredients in forming this modern masculinity, was through the combination and adjustment of both aristocratic and bourgeois classes. This merging of classes started to reflect in the way society saw man. By the end of the eighteenth century the standard of masculinity was measured by looks, appearance, and behavior. In Germany, the bourgeois male code of honor was used as a status symbol. Jewish people were gradually excluded. And the elite fraternities would have male dueling. In France, the duel was not to kill, but to display manly qualities. By the end of the nineteenth century, the emphasis was basically pointed at justice and equality. ?If a man defends his honor for sole purpose of appearing honorable, the honor code ceases to fulfill its original function and becomes a travesty. (20, endnote #21) This justice and equality began when the duelers would handshake at the end of a match. Duels went on and became a form of exercise and meant not only moral toughness, but physical as well. The duels along with other undertakings started to set a standard, which becomes known as the new masculine modern stereotype. The masculine ideal valued the physical, moral, and visual perceptions, and became a symbol of society and nation. The Enlightenment focused on the joining of the body and spirit. Johann Kaspar Lavaters theory comprised of seeing people through their physical, such as their color, nose, eyes, and bodily structure. He stated that the Greeks were more beautiful than the people of today and if a man could base his beauty on the Greeks then they would attain moral posture. This general principle was derived from actual concrete evidence such as engravings and statues. With the turn of the nineteenth century, came the gymnastics ideal, which was the beginning of the sculpted body. Sports and gymnastics ranged from swimming, dancing, fencing, skating, riding, and marathons. Guts Muth, who had later followers in France and Italy, pronounced, ?A fit beautiful body indicates a noble soul.? Unlike other countries, such as England believed in team sports to portray manliness. These organized sports gave the impression of a ?truly chivalrous football player?, and regarded sports as a manly virtue. Men also could not be seen without a women, or be in isolation. There was a definite sex division, and women were perceived to be a step below a man. A woman was considered an object of male power. The outsiders, or the countertype to the modern man was d ue to ones origin, religion, or language. People that were not considered in the social norm were the Jewish, gypsies, vagrants, criminals, insane, and sexual deviants. The Jewish were the main target in German novels in the nineteenth century, since they were looked at as being without roots, unsettled, and a menacing presence. Gustav Dore, the creator of ?The Wandering Jew?, a woodcut, was used in anti-Semitic propaganda. Anthropologists during the eighteenth century denoted the difference between whites and non-whites, by pointing out the diversity of the facial measurements to those of the superior European species. .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .postImageUrl , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:hover , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:visited , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:active { border:0!important; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:active , .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub585c02624c384a4d49a3fd3d292b9ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Space Exploration (900 words) EssayThe Great War gave way to many changing ideas. The old masculine stereotype and counterpart were being challenged and revised by the new society that was forming. Two new ideals were also being formed; the warrior and the socialist. The warrior seemed to add new features to the already existing manly ideal of the First World War, while the socialist seemed to created a whole new stereotype and rejecting the already in play normative stereotype. The warrior ideals were courage, sacrifice, and camaraderie. The warriors considered the war a test of their manhood. To serve a higher force above the individual was considered the paradigm of war riors, which is then self-explanatory as to why nationalism and masculinity are so closely intertwined. The Great War had added new qualities to the ideal of manliness such as will power, hardness, and perseverance. The qualities that the men used to fight in the war were then taken home with them and used on an everyday basis. War and the qualities it generated, did not redefine masculinity. It simply strengthened old ideas. While the war went on, another ideal opposite to the warrior ideal started to grow. The socialists rejected the war. This ?new man? model consisted of a masculinity based on solidarity, renunciation of all force, and rejection of nationalism. Marx Adler, an Austrian socialist wrote a book called Neue Menschen, Gedanken uber Sozialistische Erziehung (A New Humanity: Thoughts About Socialists Education, 1923). In his book he writes about a ?new man? by belief in humanity. French Communists and German Communists, a second ?new man?, possess and produce an image of aggressive virility. The socialists and communists ideals, although attempted repeatedly, never become firmly rooted. Both warrior and socialist ideals failed due to the fact that they were too extreme and too opposed to the already disposition of men and women. The traditional ideal of masculinity is still here today. After the First World War, the ideal of manliness seemed to get tougher as the war ended. Violence was prone to be seen in various places such as movies, television, and comic books. Women receiving abuse from men was found quite frequently after the war, but mainly in the United States rather than Europe. The ?Beat Generation? during the 1950s in the United States, which also destined the youth of Europe, seemed to have a high experimentation rate. Men were experimenting with men as well as women, and both sexes with drugs. The music of the time, encouraged dancing, which in turn encouraged the re-evaluation of the body. Women started to not follow the fashion rules and would not adorn themselves, while men grew their hair long. This ?Third Gender? as they called it, soon became a widely known mania. Today, the image of man is based on respectability. The stereotype of man has been around and through every aspect of society. The question should not be about the stereotype disappearing, but it eroding. Throughout the years the male stereotype reflected the public image of manliness. The stereotype signifies one of the most long lasting and essential conventions of yesterdays and today. I believe that the world can be a more peaceful place when humans start to realize that life is too short to be fighting with one another. Respectability rules here too. In order for anyone to listen and understand each other, we need to respect each others opinions. I think that stereotyping is an unhealthy idea. When we stereotype we automatically segregate people for the sheer fact that there is an unspoken rule about that typical stereotype. If everyone could get past trying to put people in a place and work on recognizing who they are, I believe we would have a much more peaceful world. .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .postImageUrl , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:hover , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:visited , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:active { border:0!important; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:active , .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0 .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03f56c12593a2d6f644d5ba71275dce0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enuresis EssayBibliographyImage of Man: The Creation of Modern MasculinityGeorge L. MosseOxford University Press, IncNew York, New YorkCopyright 1996